Pronouns...

PRONOUN (सर्वनाम)

Hindi Pronouns

Learning Hindi pronouns is imperative since their structures are utilized in ordinary discussions.
 The more you ace them, the closer you may be to acing Hindi.
But to begin with, we ought to know what the part of pronouns is within the syntactic structure of Hindi.
Hindi pronouns incorporate individual pronouns (which allude to the speaker, the individual talked of, the individual or thing talked of), uncertain pronouns, relative pronouns (which interface parts of a sentence), and corresponding or reflexive pronoun (in which the protest of the verb is acted upon by the subject of the verb).

Here are a few cases:
 

English Pronouns	Hindi Pronouns
Pronouns	sarvanaam - सर्वनाम
I	main — मैं
you	aap — आप (for someone Elder), Tu (तू)(for someone younger)
he	vah - वह
she	vah — वह
we	ham — हम
they	ve — वे
me	mujhe - मुझे
you	aap — आप
him	use — उसे
her	usaki  — उसकी
us	ham — हम
them	unako  — उनको
my	mera, meri  — मेरा (p) मेरी (f)
your	tumhara (s) aapaka  — तुम्हारा --(for someone Younger),																														For someone older than you.
his	usaki - उसकी
her	usake - उसके
our	hamare - हमारे
their	unake - उनके
mine	mera - मेरा
yours	tumhara - तुम्हारा
his	usaki - उसकी
hers	usaka (for Men) and usaki (for Women)  - उसका (p) and उसकी (f)
ours	hamara - हमारा
theirs	unka (m) and unki (f) - उनका (for Men) and उनकी (for Women)

Notice the structure of the Pronouns in Hindi.

List of Pronouns in Hindi

Below is a list of the Personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, reciprocal or reflexive pronouns in Hindi placed in a table. Memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Hindi vocabulary.

Personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, reciprocal or reflexive pronouns have a very important role in Hindi.

Indefinite Pronouns in Hindi

Indefinite pronouns are pronouns that refer to unspecified things, people, or places, etc.
Examples in English include “someone”, “something”, “nothing”, “everyone”, etc. “Everyone”, for instance, does not refer to any particular individual.
The two basic indefinite pronouns in Hindi are कोई and कुछ.
कोई and कुछ may be used as indefinite adjectives also.

Basic Difference

The basic difference between कोई and कुछ when used as pronouns is that कोई is used for people and कुछ is used for objects.
कोई वहाँ बैठा हुआ था – “Someone was sitting there”
कुछ वहाँ पड़ा हुआ था – “Something was lying there”

Negation

When negated, कोई means “no one”, and कुछ means “nothing”:
घर पे कोई नहीं है – “There is no one at home”
बक्से में कुछ नहीं था – “There was nothing in the box”

Oblique Case

The oblique form of कोई is किसी and the oblique form of कुछ is किस.
किसीको चाय चाहिए – “Does anyone want tea?”
किस में सामान रख दिया तुमने – “What did you store the luggage in?”

     Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns are used to relate two clauses which share a common word.
For instance, consider the two following English sentences:
“The man is standing there”; “The man is my brother”.
These sentences can be combined by using a relative pronoun:
“The man who is standing there is my brother.”
The relative pronoun “who” related the common factor of both sentences: “the man”. The pronoun “who” has the antecedent “man” (it refers to “man”). The entire relative clause “who is standing there” is like an adjective in this case.

Some Differences Versus English

Hindi relative pronouns are similar to English pronouns, but there are some notable differences.

Null Pronouns

English has a so-called “null” relative pronoun. Consider the following sentence: “You are the kindest person I know”. There is an implied relative pronoun which was omitted: “You are the kindest person (whom) I know”. This phenomenon is not present in Hindi. Hindi always requires a relative pronoun.

Relative and Interrogative Pronouns

In English, relative pronouns and interrogative pronouns have the same form, as “who” in “Who are you?” and “The person who is sitting there”. In Hindi, however, the forms are distinct. For instance, the corresponding phrases in Hindi would be आप कौन हैं and आदमी जो वहाँ पर बैठा हुआ है respectively.

Relative Correlative Constructions

Hindi generally prefers the so-called “relative correlative” construction, wherein a relative pronoun is used along with another corresponding pronoun. The pronouns are used in pairs which correlate two clauses.
In English, a slightly awkward example is: “The man who is standing there, he is my brother”. It is apparent that this construction is less common in English. In this example, the relative-correlative pair was “who … he”.
In Hindi, an equivalent example is: “जो आदमी वहां खड़ा है, वह मेरा भाई है” – “the man who is standing there is my brother”. The relative correlative pair जो … वह (“the one who … that one …”) was used.
The following chart summarizes some parallel words in Hindi:

Proximal	Distal	Interrogative	Relative
यह / ये	वह / वे	कौन / क्या	जो
यहाँ	वहाँ	कहाँ	जहाँ
इधर	उधर	किधर	जिधर
इतना	उतना	कितना	जितना
इतने	उतने	कितने	जितने
एसा	वैसा	कैसा	जैसा
ऐसे	वैसे	कैसे	जैसे
अब	तब	कब	जब

I ---  मैं, मुझे           Me ----  मैं उसे My, Mine ----- मेरा 

    You →  तुम (अपने से कम उम्र  के लिए)   आप (उम्र में बड़ों  के लिए )

                 Your  ---> तुम्हारा (उम्र में छोटों  के लिए)

                                                           

 आपका, आपके  -----  (उम्र  मे बडे लोगों के लिये)      

Sentence	The Hindi translation.	As said in Hindi
I am a 12-year-old boy.	मैं एक बारह साल का लड़का हूँ I	Main ek baarah saal ka ladka hoon.
I want to become a scientist.	मैं एक वैज्ञानिक बनना चाहती  हूँ l	Main ek vaigyanik banana chahti hoon.
Furthermore, I want to go shopping.	मुझे बाज़ार जाना है l                मैं  बाज़ार जाना चाहती हूँ l	Mujhe bazar jana hai.       Main bazaar jaana chahti hoon.
It’s me, a doctor.	मैं एक डॉक्टर  हूँ  l	Main ek doctor hoon.
She made a cake for me.	उसने मेरे लिए एक केक बनाया l       उसने मुझे एक केक बनाकर दिया l	Usne mere liye ek cake banaya. Usne mujhe ek cake  banaakar  diya.
She gave me a beautiful birthday present.	उसने मुझे बहुत सुंदर जन्मदिन उपहार दिया l	Usne mujhe baut sundar janmdin uphaar diya.
My family and I are out of home this weekend.	मैं और मेरा परिवार इस सप्ताहांत घर से बाहर रहेंगे l	Main aur mera parivar is saptahaant ghar se bahar rahenge.
My mother has a red color car.	मेरी मां के पास लाल रंग  की गाड़ी है l	Meri Maan ke paas laal rang ke gadi hai.
It’s mine.	यह मेरा है l	Yeh mera hai.
This book is mine.	यह मेरी किताब है l	Yeh meri kitaab hai.
Your hair is longer than mine.	आपके बाल मेरे बालों से ज्यादा लंबे हैं l	Aapke baal mere baalon se jyada lambe hain.
You are my best friend.	तुम मेरे सबसे अच्छे दोस्त हो l आप मेरे सबसे अच्छे दोस्त हैं I	Tum mere sabse achche dost ho.  Aap mere sabse achche dost hain.
You sing & dance very well.	तुम गाते और नाचते बहुत अच्छा हो l     आपका नृत्य और गाना बहुत अच्छा है I	Tum gaate aue nachte bahut acha ho. Aapka gaana aur naachna bahut achchha hai.
Your neighbors are good.	तुम्हारे पडोसी अच्छे हैं  l आपके  पडोसी अच्छे हैं l	Tumhare padosi achche hain.  Aapke padosi achche hain.
Your drawing is very cool.	तुम सुन्दर चित्रकारी करते हो l    आपकी चित्रकारी  खूबसूरत है l	Tum sundar chitrakari karte ho.  Aap Ki chitrakari khoobsurat hai.
You can do this work.	तुम यह काम कर सकते हो l    आप यह  काम कर सकते हैं	Tum ye kaam kar sakte ho. Aap ye kaam kar sakte hain.
What’s your name?	तुम्हारा नाम क्या है? आपका नाम  क्या है ?	Tumhara naam kya hai? Aapka naam kya hai?
Where are you going?	तुम कहाँ जा रहे हो? आप कहाँ जा रहे हैं ?	Tum kahan ja rahe ho? Aap kahan ja rahe hain?

Tip: Blue color words are Hindi words, written using English letters, to help in easy pronunciation.