Verbs

 Verbs (क्रिया) 

Verb ==> A verb is a word that tells us what a person, animal or thing is doing. Verbs show action, so they are also called action words. Some verbs do not show action and indicate existence or state of being like appear, seem etc. Every sentence must have a verb.
For Example: write, speak, read, fight, learn, come, go, seem, feel, etc.

1. He speaks very fluently in Hindi now a days- (action verb – speak)
2. I learn Hindi daily – (action verb – learn)
3. She resembles her mother – (state verb – resembles)
4. It appears that she has lost your backpack– (state verb – appears, action verb – lost)

Transitive Verb ==>

A verb which requires an object in a sentence to convey complete meaning is a Transitive Verb. In the absence of object, subject does not convey complete meaning.

Example:
Vani wrote "______".
Without an object the verb “wrote" does not give complete meaning. If we mention object in the sentence –Vani wrote a letter or her name – makes it more meaningful.

More Examples:

1.   Rekha is eating an apple. 
2.  He has understood the lesson.
3. He bought a new toy for his sister.
4.  He kicked the football. 
5.  John has completed his homework. 

Intransitive Verb ==>

A verb which does not require an object in a sentence is an Intransitive verb. Intransitive verb can give complete meaning without an object in sentence for it.

1.  She is laughing. 
2.  It has rained. 
3. The Sun shines daily so bright. 
4.  Birds chirp in the morning.
5.  It is very pleasant today. 

Main Verbs ==>

Main verbs have major meaning in the sentences i.e. sleep, make, buy, finish, complete etc.

Helping Verbs ==>
They support the main verbs to form the structure of sentence as per specific tense i.e. is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, shall etc. Helping verb indicates the tense of the sentence.

Sentence	As said in Hindi	Main Verb	Helping Verb
He is driving a car.	Woh Car chalaa raha h.	driving	Is - indicates present tense.
She is eating.	Vah kha rahe hai.	eating	Is – indicates present tense.
They were singing a song	Ve gaanaa ga rahe thay.	singing	were - indicates past tense.
You will qualify the examination.	Tum parikshaa mein paas ho jaaoge.	qualify	will - indicates future tense.
She has reached her destination.	Vah apanee manjil par pahunch chukee hai.	reached	has - indicates present perfect tense.

Form of Verbs.

Verb has three forms - (1) Base form - 1st Form (2) Past Simple - 2nd Form (3) Past participle - 3rd Form.
For example, break – broke – broken. “Break" is base form, “broke" is past simple form, and “broken" is past participle form. These three forms may also be named as 1st form, 2nd form, and 3rd form of verb.

Meaning	Base form - Ist Form	Past simple - 2nd form.	Past Participle - 3rd form
aagya denaa	aagya detaa hai	aagya dee	aagya dete thee.
aagyaa denaa	allow	allowed	allowed
honaa	to be	, to be.	have been.
hansna	laugh	laughing	laughed
todana	break	broke	broken
laanaa	bring	brought	brought
aanaa	come	came	come
swapn dekhanaa	dream	dreamed/dreamt	dreamed/dreamt.
peena	drink	drank	drunk
chalna	drive	drove	driven
ladana	fight	fought	fought
seekhanaa	learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt.
chhodanaa	leave	left	left
bananaa	make	made	made
milna	meet	met	met
sona	sleep	slept	slept
dikhaanaa	show	showed	showed/shown.
sikudanaa	shrink	shrank	shrunk
chori karanaa	steal	stole	stolen
ronaa	Weep	Wept	Wept

Regular Verbs - Irregular Verbs

On the basis of forming base form of verb to past simple (2nd form) and past participle (3rd form), verb is divided into two type – Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs.

Regular Verbs ==> The Verbs which form their past simple and past participle by adding “-ed" to their base form are called regular verbs, for example work – worked - worked, allow – allowed - allowed, play – played – played.

Irregular Verbs ==> The Verbs which form their past simple and past participle in different ways, for example, steal – stole – stolen, sleep – slept – slept, fight – fought - fought. 

Model Verbs ==> Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility, intention or necessity. It can be used as helping verb with main verb.

Models are:
* - Can, could (ability)
* - May, might (possibility)
* - Will, shall, would (intention)
* - Should (necessity -optional)
* - Must (necessity -a bit compulsion)
* - Ought to (should -moral duty)

Examples:

Sentences	वाक्य	As said in Hindi
I can write this easily.	मैं इसे आसानी से लिख सकती हूँ l	Main ise  aasani se likh sakti hoon.
This baby laughs a lot.	यह बच्चा बहुत ज़ोर से हँसता है l	Yah bachcha bahut zor se hansta hai.
I am eating a banana.	मैं एक केला खा रही हूँ l	Main ek kela kha rahi hoon.
He is baking a vanilla cake.	वह वैनीला केक बना रहा है l	Vah vanila kek bana raha hai.
Amy listens to Taylor swift songs.	एमी टेलर स्विफ्ट के गाने सुनती है I	Amy Taylor swift ke gaane sunti hai.

Tip: Pink color words are Hindi words, written using English letters, for easy pronunciation.