Verbs (क्रिया)
For Example: write, speak, read, fight, learn, come, go, seem, feel, etc.
- He speaks very fluently in Hindi now a days- (action verb – speak)
- I learn Hindi daily – (action verb – learn)
- She resembles her mother – (state verb – resembles)
- It appears that she has lost your backpack– (state verb – appears, action verb – lost)
Transitive Verb ==>
A verb which requires an object in a sentence to convey complete meaning is a Transitive Verb. In the absence of object, subject does not convey complete meaning. Example:
Vani wrote "______".
Without an object the verb “wrote" does not give complete meaning. If we mention object in the sentence –Vani wrote a letter or her name – makes it more meaningful.
More Examples:
- Rekha is eating an apple.
- He has understood the lesson.
- He bought a new toy for his sister.
- He kicked the football.
- John has completed his homework.
Intransitive Verb ==>
A verb which does not require an object in a sentence is an Intransitive verb. Intransitive verb can give complete meaning without an object in sentence for it.- She is laughing.
- It has rained.
- The Sun shines daily so bright.
- Birds chirp in the morning.
- It is very pleasant today.
Main Verbs ==>
Main verbs have major meaning in the sentences i.e. sleep, make, buy, finish, complete etc.Helping Verbs ==>
They support the main verbs to form the structure of sentence as per specific tense i.e. is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, shall etc. Helping verb indicates the tense of the sentence.
Sentence | As said in Hindi | Main Verb | Helping Verb |
---|---|---|---|
He is driving a car. | Woh Car chalaa raha h. | driving | Is - indicates present tense. |
She is eating. | Vah kha rahe hai. | eating | Is – indicates present tense. |
They were singing a song | Ve gaanaa ga rahe thay. | singing | were - indicates past tense. |
You will qualify the examination. | Tum parikshaa mein paas ho jaaoge. | qualify | will - indicates future tense. |
She has reached her destination. | Vah apanee manjil par pahunch chukee hai. | reached | has - indicates present perfect tense. |
Form of Verbs.
Verb has three forms - (1) Base form - 1st Form (2) Past Simple - 2nd Form (3) Past participle - 3rd Form.For example, break – broke – broken. “Break" is base form, “broke" is past simple form, and “broken" is past participle form. These three forms may also be named as 1st form, 2nd form, and 3rd form of verb.
Meaning | Base form - Ist Form | Past simple - 2nd form. | Past Participle - 3rd form | |
---|---|---|---|---|
aagya denaa | aagya detaa hai | aagya dee | aagya dete thee. | |
aagyaa denaa | allow | allowed | allowed | |
honaa | to be | , to be. | ||
hansna | laugh | laughing | laughed | |
todana | break | broke | broken | |
laanaa | bring | brought | brought | |
aanaa | come | came | come | |
swapn dekhanaa | dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt. | |
peena | drink | drank | drunk | |
chalna | drive | drove | driven | |
ladana | fight | fought | fought | |
seekhanaa | learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt. | |
chhodanaa | leave | left | left | |
bananaa | make | made | made | |
milna | meet | met | met | |
sona | sleep | slept | slept | |
dikhaanaa | show | showed | showed/shown. | |
sikudanaa | shrink | shrank | shrunk | |
chori karanaa | steal | stole | stolen | |
ronaa | Weep | Wept | Wept |
Regular Verbs - Irregular Verbs
On the basis of forming base form of verb to past simple (2nd form) and past participle (3rd form), verb is divided into two type – Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs. Regular Verbs ==> The Verbs which form their past simple and past participle by adding “-ed" to their base form are called regular verbs, for example work – worked - worked, allow – allowed - allowed, play – played – played.
Irregular Verbs ==> The Verbs which form their past simple and past participle in different ways, for example, steal – stole – stolen, sleep – slept – slept, fight – fought - fought.
Model Verbs ==> Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility, intention or necessity. It can be used as helping verb with main verb.
Models are: * - Can, could (ability)
* - May, might (possibility)
* - Will, shall, would (intention)
* - Should (necessity -optional)
* - Must (necessity -a bit compulsion)
* - Ought to (should -moral duty)
Examples:
Tip: Pink color words are Hindi words, written using English letters, for easy pronunciation.
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